How to Allocate Responsibility Along the AI Value Chain
The European Union (EU) AI Act is now in force, but its impact will depend on how it is implemented. Modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems are rarely static: they are updated, repurposed, and...
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How to Allocate Responsibility Along the AI Value Chain
The European Union (EU) AI Act is now in force, but its impact will depend on how it is implemented. Modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems are rarely static: they are updated, repurposed, and incorporate inputs supplied by different companies, including general-purpose models, cloud services, and data.
This creates two central questions for policy makers and firms: when does a change to an AI system create new legal duties, and how should responsibility be shared between the actors that develop, supply, adapt, and deploy AI systems?
Challenges
The AI Act sets different rules for different AI systems based on a risk categorisation. However, a system’s risk profile can change over time. A routine update, a new dataset, or a new use case might move a system into the high-risk category, while a tool initially developed for one purpose might later be adapted for another. These modifications might be undertaken by the
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