Abstract
Across Europe, immigration policy is increasingly polarized between two opposing models: unconditional multiculturalism and large-scale “remigration” proposals. In Italy, however, an important legal development is taking place inside the courts...
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Abstract
Across Europe, immigration policy is increasingly polarized between two opposing models: unconditional multiculturalism and large-scale “remigration” proposals. In Italy, however, an important legal development is taking place inside the courts through the evolution of “complementary protection,” a form of humanitarian and constitutional protection linked to private and family life under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Recent decisions issued by the Tribunals of Bologna and Venice in 2026 show that Italian judges continue to recognize legal protection for migrants who have achieved concrete social integration, even after restrictive immigration reforms adopted by the Italian government in 2023. This article explains to an American audience the difference between the political concept of “remigration” and the paradigm “Integration or ReImmigration,” arguing that the latter is based not on collective ethnic criteria, but on individualized legal as
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