Complementary Protection, Social Rootedness and Ex Nunc Assessment: The Tribunal of Bologna Recognises the Right to Remain on the Basis of Effective Integration A Comment on the Decree of the Tribunal of Bologna, Specialised Section for Immigration, Inter

Complementary Protection, Social Rootedness and Ex Nunc Assessment: The Tribunal of Bologna Recognises the Right to Remain on the Basis of Effective Integration A Comment on the Decree of the Tribunal of Bologna, Specialised Section for Immigration,... More

Complementary Protection, Social Rootedness and Ex Nunc Assessment: The Tribunal of Bologna Recognises the Right to Remain on the Basis of Effective Integration A Comment on the Decree of the Tribunal of Bologna, Specialised Section for Immigration, International Protection and the Free Movement of European Union Citizens, 3 August 2026, Case No. 12455/2024 Fabio Loscerbo Abstract The decree issued by the Tribunal of Bologna on 3 August 2026 offers a significant contribution to the interpretation of complementary protection based on the right to respect for private life and on the social rootedness developed by a foreign national in the host country. The Tribunal recognised protection in favour of a Pakistani national who, after entering Italy, had undertaken a progressive process of occupational, economic, residential, professional and relational integration. The decision is relevant from several perspectives. First, it clarifies that entries contained in the internal informatio Less