processes because steel production is one of the biggest contributors to vehicle manufacturing emissions, together with battery production and aluminum. Second, we refined the battery recycling assessment by scoring based on phases of efforts. Manufacturers...
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processes because steel production is one of the biggest contributors to vehicle manufacturing emissions, together with battery production and aluminum. Second, we refined the battery recycling assessment by scoring based on phases of efforts. Manufacturers now receive partial credit for formalized plans and research and development and higher scores for realized operational battery recycling or repurposing projects. This adjustment better reflects manufacturers’ progress in building up battery recycling and repurposing capabilities. Third, we updated the methodology for estimating China’s real-world electric drive share of PHEVs by adopting the 2025 utility factor (UF) curve proposed by the China Automotive Technology & Research Center (CATARC, 2025). This better reflects driving behavior in the country. Figure 2 provides an overview of our Global Automaker Rating metrics. The area accorded to each metric in the figure represents its percentage contribution to the final rating. Figure
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