Synthesis and Analysis of PVC Selective Membrane of Heavy Metal Ions for Water Pollution Detection and Selectivity Study via Separation Solution Method (SSM)

IRAQI JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol. 22, No. 3, July-September 2026, pp. 485-492 Synthesis and Analysis of PVC Selective Membrane of Heavy Bilal A. Abdullah* Wasan R. Saleh Metal Ions for Water Pollution Detection and Selectivity Study via Separation... More

IRAQI JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol. 22, No. 3, July-September 2026, pp. 485-492 Synthesis and Analysis of PVC Selective Membrane of Heavy Bilal A. Abdullah* Wasan R. Saleh Metal Ions for Water Pollution Detection and Selectivity Study via Separation Solution Method (SSM) Department of Physics, College of Science, Fabrication of electrodes made from Al3+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Na1+ ions were used as a University of Baghdad, potentiometric electrochemical sensors for water pollution detection by heavy metals. Baghdad, IRAQ In this work, the sensor device consisted of Zn, Pb, Na, and Al ions as ion exchangers * Corresponding author email: and polyvinyl chloride PVC and tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate as plasticisers. The bilal.hamad1204@sc.uobaghdad.edu.iq response properties of these electrodes, calibration curve, lifetime, and limit of detection were studied. Interactions against monovalent, divalent, and trivalent ions like Al3+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Na1+ were also investigated through selectivit Less