IRAQI JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol. 22, No. 3, July-September 2026, pp. 422-432 Ola M. Alwan* Nano-Graphene Based Chemical Soudad S. Ahmed Sensing Applications Department of Physics, College of Science, This work presents the development of optical...
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IRAQI JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol. 22, No. 3, July-September 2026, pp. 422-432 Ola M. Alwan* Nano-Graphene Based Chemical Soudad S. Ahmed Sensing Applications Department of Physics, College of Science, This work presents the development of optical fiber-based sensors utilizing multi-mode University of Baghdad, optical fibers. Two optical fibers were chemically tapered using hydrofluoric acid (HF) with Baghdad, IRAQ different tapering durations 40 and 60 minutes, and each fiber was coated with a nanolayer *Corresponding author Email: of graphene, with different thicknesses depending on the tapering time. A noticeable red ula.mahdi2404p@sc.uobaghdad.edu.iq shift was revealed in the resonance wavelength as the ethanol concentration increased, clearly demonstrating a relationship between the refractive index of the external environment and the sensor’s optical performance. The sensor with 40 min tapering exhibited a sensitivity of 16.451 µm/RIU, while the 60 min tapered sensor showed sl
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