IRAQI JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol. 22, No. 3, July-September 2026, pp. 393-406 Malik J. Hussein 1,3* Wa'il A.G. Al-Tumah 1 Semi-Empirical Equation for a Ahmad H. AL-Shaheen 2 Semi-Circular PIFA 1 Department of Physics, College of Science, This article...
More
IRAQI JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol. 22, No. 3, July-September 2026, pp. 393-406 Malik J. Hussein 1,3* Wa'il A.G. Al-Tumah 1 Semi-Empirical Equation for a Ahmad H. AL-Shaheen 2 Semi-Circular PIFA 1 Department of Physics, College of Science, This article introduces a newly proposed Equation for the calculation of the optimal University of Basrah, radius of the semicircular structure of the Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA), derived by Basrah, IRAQ equating the area of the equivalent rectangular structure and the area of the given 2 Department of Physics, structure. The Equation was tested using HFSS simulation at operating frequencies of College of Science, 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.8 GHz with substrate materials of relative permittivity 2.55, 3.2, University of Misan, and 4.4. To further examine the Equation’s reliability under practical scenarios, three Misan, IRAQ antenna prototypes were implemented on the FR4 substrate (???????? = 4.4) at the same 3 General Directorate of frequencies.
Less
