112 Annual Review of Applied Linguistics (2001) 21, 112 126. Printed in the USA. Copyright © 2001 Cambridge University Press 0267-1905/01 $9.50 7. LANGUAGE ANXIETY AND ACHIEVEMENT Elaine K. Horwitz This chapter considers the literature on language learning...
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112 Annual Review of Applied Linguistics (2001) 21, 112 126. Printed in the USA. Copyright © 2001 Cambridge University Press 0267-1905/01 $9.50 7. LANGUAGE ANXIETY AND ACHIEVEMENT Elaine K. Horwitz This chapter considers the literature on language learning anxiety in an effort to clarify the relationship between anxiety and second language learning. It will first argue that language anxiety is a specific anxiety rather than a trait anxiety and discuss how this conceptualization has helped clarify the research literature. After Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1986) proposed that a specific anxiety construct which they called Foreign Language Anxiety was responsible for students uncomfortable experiences in language classes and offered an instrument, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), to measure this anxiety, findings concerning anxiety and language achievement have been relatively uniform, indicating a consistent moderate negative relationship between anxiety and achievem
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