Neurologic System Regional Write-Up Reference II. Physical Examination B. Motor system 1. Muscles Size, strength, tone: “Muscles appear symmetric bilaterally. No atrophy or edema. Grade 5 strength of bilateral upper & lower extremities. No flaccidity or...
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Neurologic System Regional Write-Up Reference II. Physical Examination B. Motor system 1. Muscles Size, strength, tone: “Muscles appear symmetric bilaterally. No atrophy or edema. Grade 5 strength of bilateral upper & lower extremities. No flaccidity or spasticity to passive ROM.” *Size: Inspect all muscle groups, compare right side with left. Muscle groups should be within the normal size limits for age & symmetric bilaterally. When extremity muscles appear asymmetric, measure each in centimeters & record the difference. A difference of 1 cm or less is not significant. It is difficult to assess muscle mass in very obese people. Atrophy—Abnormally small muscle with wasted appearance; occurs with disuse, injury, LMN disease (e.g., polio, diabetic neuropathy). Hypertrophy—Increased size & strength; occurs with isometric exercise. *Strength: (See Musculoskeletal Chapter). Test power of homologous muscles simultaneously. Paresis (weakness)= diminished strength; paralysis (plegi
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