2013 Nobel Prize Winners and Brief History of the Nobel Prize and Selection
Process
Nobel Prizes are awarded annually for outstanding achievement in the fields of physics, chemistry,
physiology or medicine, literature, peace and economics. The first Nobel...
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2013 Nobel Prize Winners and Brief History of the Nobel Prize and Selection
Process
Nobel Prizes are awarded annually for outstanding achievement in the fields of physics, chemistry,
physiology or medicine, literature, peace and economics. The first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1901,
several years after Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel called for the establishment of a prize in his last will
and testament. His will specified that the awards should be "prizes to those who, during the preceding
year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind."
Past winners of the Nobel Prize (referred to as Nobel Laureates) include the likes of James Watson,
Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins for their discovery of DNA in 1962, Ivan Pavlov (of the famous dog
experiment) in 1904, and William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain for the invention of the
transistor in 1947.
2013 Winners in the Fields of Science
Physics
François Englert and Peter W. Higgs were awarded the Prize in Physics jointly
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