Lung Cancer Staging James G. Ravenel L UNG CANCER REMAINS the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men and women in the United States, accounting for over used for the detection of osseous metastases, and, ultimately, bone scans may be replaced by...
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Lung Cancer Staging James G. Ravenel L UNG CANCER REMAINS the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men and women in the United States, accounting for over used for the detection of osseous metastases, and, ultimately, bone scans may be replaced by PET. Currently, newly developed strategies including 157,000 deaths annually.1 Despite advances in endoscopic and endobronchial ultrasound are gain- imaging, lung cancer is often detected when the ing a role in the evaluation of lung cancer and disease has spread from the primary tumor to guiding fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) of regional lymph nodes or distant sites. Appropriate mediastinal lymph nodes and other sites of disease. therapy is dependent on accurate staging to iden- tify those patients who are surgical candidates and Tumor Stage those patients for whom chemotherapy and radia- The tumor (T) stage is based on the size and the tion therapy is indicated. In this review, the current location of the lung lesion as det
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