History of Psychology
Overview:
The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise.
The year
1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study, because in
that year Wilhelm Wundt founded the...
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History of Psychology
Overview:
The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise.
The year
1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study, because in
that year Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological
research (in Leipzig).
Other important early contributors to the field include Hermann
Ebbinghaus (a pioneer in studies on memory), Ivan Pavlov (who discovered the learning process
of classical conditioning), and Sigmund Freud.
Freud s influence has been enormous, though more as cultural icon than a force in (scientific)
psychology.
Freud s basic theories postulated the existence in humans of various unconscious
and instinctive "drives", and that the "self" existed as a perpetual battle between the desires and
demands of the internal id, ego, and superego.
The 20th century saw a rejection of Freud s theories as being too unscientific, and a reaction
against Edward Titchener
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